各位老铁们好，相信很多人对托福真题都不是特别的了解，因此呢，今天就来为大家分享下关于托福真题以及托福考试的问题知识，还望可以帮助大家，解决大家的一些困惑，**一起来看看吧！

本文目录

1. 托福TPO1阅读真题原文及答案翻译part3
2. 托福阅读真题练习100篇:04(原文+题目+答案)
3. 托福阅读真题练习100篇:10(原文+题目+答案)

一、托福TPO1阅读真题原文及答案翻译part3

相信备考托福的同学都知道托福TPO的重要性，为了方便大家备考，**我给大家整理出托福TPO1阅读真题原文及答案翻译，希望大家喜欢。

Tim**erline Vegetation on Mountains

The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced **y low shru**s, her**s, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper tim**erline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower tim**erline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually **ecause of a lack of moisture.

The upper tim**erline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry su**tropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics. Tim**erline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees(those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper tim**erline. There are some areas, however, where **roadleaf deciduous trees form the tim**erline. Species of **irch, for example, may occur at the tim**erline in parts of the Himalayas.

At the upper tim**erline the trees **egin to **ecome twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is **ecause middle- and upper- latitude tim**erlines are strongly influenced **y the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to **e more favora**le **ecause they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.

There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should **e such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper tim**erline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can **other trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot esta**lish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident **y the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while **rowsing and grazing animals like the i**ex may **e another contri**uting factor. Pro**a**ly the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and **uds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.

A**ove the tree line there is a zone that is generally called alpine tundra. Immediately adjacent to the tim**erline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shru**s, her**s, and grasses, while higher up the num**er and diversity of species decrease until there is much **are ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. Some plants can even survive in favora**le microha**itats a**ove the snow line. The highest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in the Himalayas. At this great height, rocks, warmed **y the sun, melt **all snowdrifts.

The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. This ena**les them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface. In an area where low temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of the additional heat near the surface is crucial. The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided **y a winter snow cover. In the equatorial mountains the low growth form is less prevalent.

Paragraph 1: The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often adramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced **y low shru**s, her**s, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper tim**erline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower tim**erline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually **ecause of a lack of moisture.

1. The word"dramatic" in the passage is closest in meaning to

2. Where is the lower tim**erline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to **e found?

○In an area that has little water

○In an area that has little sunlight

○On a mountain that has on upper tim**erline.

3. Which of the following can **e inferred from paragraph 1 a**out **oth the upper and lower tim**erlines?

○Both mark forest **oundaries.

○Both are surrounded **y desert areas.

○Both suffer from a lack of moisture.

Paragraph 2: The upper tim**erline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry su**tropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics. Tim**erline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees(those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper tim**erline. There are some areas, however, where **roadleaf deciduous trees form the tim**erline. Species of **irch, for example, may occur at the tim**erline in parts of the Himalayas.

4. Paragraph 2 supports which of the following statements a**out deciduous trees?

○They cannot grow in cold climates.

○They do not exist at the upper tim**erline.

○They are less likely than evergreens to survive at the upper tim**erline.

○They do not require as much moisture as evergreens do.

Paragraph 3: At the upper tim**erline the trees **egin to **ecome twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is **ecause middle- and upper- latitude tim**erlines are strongly influenced **y the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to **e more favora**le **ecause they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.

5. The word"attain" in the passage is closest in meaning to

6. The word"they" in the passage refers to

7. The word"prone" in the passage is closest in meaning to

8. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of trees in the middle and upper latitudes?

○Tree growth is negatively affected **y the snow cover in valleys

○Tree growth is greater in valleys than on ridges.

○Tree growth on ridges is not affected **y high-velocity winds.

○Tree growth lasts longer in those latitudes than it does in the tropics.

Paragraph 4：There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should **e such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper tim**erline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can **other trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot esta**lish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident **y the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while **rowsing and grazing animals like the i**ex may **e another contri**uting factor. Pro**a**ly the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and **uds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.

9. Which of the sentences **elow **est express the essential **rmation in the highlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential **rmation.

○Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likely to **e seriously harmed **y the strong winds typical of those altitudes.

○As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the num**er of trees found at high altitudes.

○The deformed shapes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, which increase with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.

○Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees.

10. In paragraph 4, what is the author's main purpose in the discussion of the dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper tim**erline?

○To argue that none of several environment factors that are **elieved to contri**ute to that phenomenon do in fact play a role in causing it.

○To argue in support of one particular explanation of that phenomenon against several competing explanations

○To explain why the primary environmental factor responsi**le for that phenomenon has not yet **een identified

○To present several environmental factors that may contri**ute to a satisfactory explanation of that phenomenon

Paragraph 6: The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. This ena**les them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface. In an area where low temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of the additional heat near the surface is crucial. The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided **y a winter snow cover. In the equatorial mountains the low growth form is lessprevalent.

11. The word"prevalent" in the passage is closest in meaning to

12. According to paragraph 6, all of the following statements are true of plants in the alpine zone EXCEPT:

○Because they are low, they are less exposed to strong winds.

○Because they are low, the winter snow cover gives them more protection from the extreme cold.

○In the equatorial mountains, they tend to **e lower than in mountains elsewhere.

○Their low growth form keeps them closer to the ground, where there is more heat than further up.

Paragraph 5: A**ove the tree line there is a zone that is generally called alpine tundra.█Immediately adjacent to the tim**erline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shru**s, her**s, and grasses, while higher up the num**er and diversity of species decrease until there is much **are ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.█Some plants can even survive in favora**le microha**itats a**ove the snow line. The highest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in the Himalayas.█At this great height, rocks, warmed **y the sun, melt **all snowdrifts.█

13. Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could **e added to the passage.

This explains how, for example, alpine cushion plants have **een found growing at an altitude of 6,180 meters.

Where would the sentence **est fit?

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a **rief summary of the passage is provided **elow. Complete the summary **y selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not **elong in the summary **ecause they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

At the tim**erline, whether upper or lower, there is a profound change in the growth of trees and other plants.

○Birch is one of the few species of tree that can survive in the extreme environments of the upper tim**erline.

○There is no agreement among scientists as to exactly why plant growth is sharply different a**ove and **elow the upper tim**erline.

○The temperature at the upper tim**erline is pro**a**ly more important in preventing tree growth than factors such as the amount of snowfall or the force of winds.

○The geographical location of an upper tim**erline has an impact on **oth the types of trees found there and their physical characteristics.

○High levels of ultraviolet light most likely play a greater role in determining tree growth at the upper tim**erline than do grazing animals such as the i**ex.

○Despite **eing adjacent to the tim**erline, the alpine tundra is an area where certain kinds of low trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures

14. There is no agreement among…

The geographical location of…

通常从山坡上的森林到没有树的苔原是一种非常戏剧化的转变。在一个垂直距离只有几十米的地方，树木这种生命形式就消失了，取而代之的是低矮的灌木、草本植物和牧草。这种快速过渡的区域被称为上行树带界线或林木线。在许多干旱的地区存在着下行树带界线，在这里由于缺乏水分森林变成干草原，甚至在最下端会出现沙漠。

上行树带界线，和雪线一样，在热带最高，在极地最低。从极地地区的海平面到干燥的**带地区的海拔4 500米处以及潮湿的热带地区海拔3 500米至4 500米处都有上行树带界线。树带界线内通常是常绿树，它们和处于上行树带界线处极端恶劣环境中生长的落叶树木相比，具有一定的优势。然而，在部分地区也有由落叶阔叶林组成的树带界线。例如，在喜马拉雅的部分地区，桦树就在树带界线上。

上行树带界线的树木开始扭曲和变形，尤其在中高纬度地区的树木，这些地区的树木往往会在山脊上长得更高，而在热带地区的树木则在山谷里长得更高;因为中高纬度地区树带界线受积雪覆盖时间和深度的影响很大。由于山谷中积雪覆盖较厚且持续时间很长，树木即便是生长在大风和贫瘠的土地里，也往往会在山脊上长得更高。在热带地区山谷里更有利于生长，因为山谷不易干涸、很少结霜，并且有更深的土壤。

目前还没有一个普遍认同的解释来说明为什么会在树带界线上出现树木停止生长这种戏剧化的现象。多种环境因素都起到作用，例如，积雪过多会让树木透不过气，雪崩和雪移能摧毁树木;长时间积雪缩短了有效生长季节的时间，树苗无法生长;另外，风速会随着海拔的升高而增加，增加树木承受的压力，很明显，正是这种风速带来的压力导致树木在高纬度地区发生变形。一些科学家提出，随着海拔的上升而不断增强的紫外线、野生山羊等动物的放养，都是导致树带界线形成的因素。或许最重要的环境因素是温度，因为如果生长季节太短并且气温太低，树芽和树苗都无法充分地成长而存活过冬季。

在林木线之上有一个称为高山苔原的地带。由于紧挨着树带界线，苔原上都是矮灌木、草本植物和牧草。随着海拔的增加，物种的数量和多样性会逐渐减少，直到出现大量空地伴着零星的苔藓和地衣这样的伏地垫状植物。有些植物甚至可以在雪线以上有利的微环境中生存，世界上海拔最高的植物是出现在喜马拉雅山上6 100百米的马卡鲁峰。在这个高度上，被阳光温暖过的**可以将小雪堆融化。

高山植物最突出的特点是其低矮的生长形态。这种特点使他们能够避开大风最强势的势头，并且有助于他们利用紧邻地面相对较高的温度。在这样一个低温**生命的地区，地表提供的额外温度是至关重要的。低矮的生长形态也可以帮助植物充分利用冬季积雪所提供的保温环境。在赤道区的山脉上低矮的生长形态并不常见。

托福TPO1阅读真题原文及答案翻译相关文章：

3.新托福阅读考试一篇文章几道题

二、托福阅读真题练习100篇:04(原文+题目+答案)

您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。留学申请的每一步都充满挑战，我在这里为您提供从留学目的地选择到申请材料准备的全方位支持。您的留学梦想，我们一同实现，敬请访问！https://liuxue.87dh**/

托福阅读在备考的过程中，大家可以多找一些真题来进行练习。**为大家整理了托福阅读真题练习100篇：03（原文+题目+答案），供大家参考。

​The term Hudson River school was applied to the foremost representatives ofnine**th-century North American landscape painting. Apparently unknown during the goldendays of the American landscape movement, which **egan around 1850 and lasted until the late1860's, the Hudson River school seems to have emerged in the 1870's as a direct result of thestruggle **etween the old and the new generations of artists, each to assert its own style as therepresentative American art. The older painters, most of whom were **orn **efore 1835, practicedin a mode often self-taught and monopolized **y landscape su**ject matter and were securelyesta**lished in and fostered **y the reigning American art organization, the National Academy ofDesign.

The younger painters returning home from training in Europe worked more with figuralsu**ject matter and in a **old and impressionistic technique; their prospects for patronage in theirown country were uncertain, and they sought to attract it **y attaining academic recognition inNew York. One of the results of the conflict **etween the two factions was that what in previousyears had **een referred to as the American, native, or, occasionally, New York school— the mostrepresentative school of American art in any genre— had **y 1890 **ecome firmly esta**lished inthe minds of critics and pu**lic alike as the Hudson River school.

The so**riquet was first applied around 1879. While it was not intended as flattering, it washardly inappropriate. The Academicians at whom it was aimed had worked and socialized in NewYork, the Hudson's port city, and had painted the river and its shores with varying frequency.Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity a manner oftechnique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist,Thomas Cole, who **uilt a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery **ordering the HudsonRiver.

A possi**le implication in the term applied to the group of landscapists was that many ofthem had, like Cole, lived on or near the **anks of the Hudson. Further, the river had long servedas the principal route to other sketching grounds favored **y the Academicians, particularly theAdirondacks and the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire.different ways.

​1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The National Academy of Design

(B) Paintings that featured the Hudson River

(C) North American landscape paintings

(D) The training of American artists in European academies

3. The word struggle in line 5 is closest in meaning to

4. The word monopolized in line 7 is closest in meaning to

5. According to the passage, what was the function of the National Academy of Design for the painters **orn **efore 1835?

(A) It mediated conflicts **etween artists.

(B) It supervised the incorporation of new artistic techniques.

(C) It determined which su**jects were appropriate.

(D) It supported their growth and development.

6. The word it in line 12 refers to

7. The word factions in line 13 is closest in meaning to

8. The word flattering in line 18 is closest in meaning to

9. Where did the younger generation of painters receive its artistic training?

以上就是为大家整理的｜托福阅读真题练习100篇：04（原文+题目+答案）｜的练习，希望大家通过以上的内容根据情况，适当结合上下文，通过排除和推断选择正确的答案，同时不断补充积累更多相关词汇与语法。最后，预祝大家托福考试顺利！！更多精彩内容请关注托福频道!

我希望以上的解答能为您的留学规划添砖加瓦。留学之路虽曲折，却不孤单。如有更多疑惑或需要进一步了解，我们的官方网站随时欢迎您。那里有更详尽的留学资讯和专家团队的一对一指导，助您顺利走上留学之路。期待与您的每一次相遇，祝申请顺利！https://liuxue.87dh**/

三、托福阅读真题练习100篇:10(原文+题目+答案)

您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。留学申请的每一步都充满挑战，我在这里为您提供从留学目的地选择到申请材料准备的全方位支持。您的留学梦想，我们一同实现，敬请访问！https://liuxue.87dh**/

托福阅读在备考的过程中，大家可以多找一些真题来进行练习。**为大家整理了托福阅读真题练习100篇：10（原文+题目+答案），供大家参考。

​Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the **est ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a **usiness to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made **y people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure **elieve that it will yield optimal, that is, the **est decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the pro**lem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possi**le solutions to the pro**lem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will **e affected **y each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated **y adding these values together. The alternative with the highest num**er of points emerges as the **est decision.

Since most important pro**lems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the **enefits of a pencil and ** decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more varia**les than their minds can generally comprehend and remem**er. On the average, people can keep a**out seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can **e especially useful when the decision involves a large num**er of varia**les with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel a**road for a year.

A decision-making worksheet **egins with a succinct statement of the pro**lem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to **e clear a**out the distinction **etween long-range and immediate goals **ecause long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question a**ove to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

(C) Research on how people make decisions

(D) Differences **etween long-range and short-range decision making

2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to

3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to

4. Of the following steps, which occurs **efore the others in making a decision worksheet?

(A) Listing the consequences of each solution

(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

(C) Deciding which consequences are most important

(D) Writing down all possi**le solutions

5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

(A) has the fewest varia**les to consider

(B) uses the most decision worksheets

(C) has the most points assigned to it

(D) is agreed to **y the greatest num**er of people

6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 **y means of

(B) classifying types of worksheets

(C) providing historical **ackground

7. The author states that On the average, people can keep a**out seven ideas in their minds at once(lines 17-18) to explain that

(A) most decisions involve seven steps

(B) human mental capacity has limitations

(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions

(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to

9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?

10. The word it in line 24 refers to

11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to

以上就是为大家整理的｜托福阅读真题练习100篇：10（原文+题目+答案）｜的练习，希望大家通过以上的内容根据情况，适当结合上下文，通过排除和推断选择正确的答案，同时不断补充积累更多相关词汇与语法。最后，预祝大家托福考试顺利！！更多精彩内容请关注托福频道!

我希望以上的解答能为您的留学规划添砖加瓦。留学之路虽曲折，却不孤单。如有更多疑惑或需要进一步了解，我们的官方网站随时欢迎您。那里有更详尽的留学资讯和专家团队的一对一指导，助您顺利走上留学之路。期待与您的每一次相遇，祝申请顺利！https://liuxue.87dh**/

好了，关于托福真题和托福考试的问题到这里结束啦，希望可以解决您的问题哈！

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